❝Thou didst, O Lord, create the mighty whale, that wondrous monster of a mighty length beyond conception his unmeasured strength.
But, everlasting God, thou dost ordain
That we, poor feeble mortals should engage
ourselves, our wives and children to maintain this dreadful monster with a martial rage.
O Father, grant that your glorious light shine on these men.
Ensure them a prosperous voyage,
That they may return safely and with a full ship,
So that the white flames of Nantucket whale oil may continue to keep light in our homes, city streets safe from sin in the night,
And to fuel the machines of industry
that drive our great nation forward
As our noble species evolves.
In your name, we pray.❞
That little prayer I took from the “In the Heart of the Sea” movie condenses so many historical details. A bit like a textual snapshot with the essential fears and values of the Nantucket community in the 18th century.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_the_Heart_of_the_Sea_%28film%29
That got me looking for a bit more.
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From: http://www.petroleumhistory.org/OilHistory/pages/Whale/whale.html
Whale Oil Versus The Others
The first principal use of whale oil was as an illuminant in lamps and as candle wax. Other uses came in time. In the 1700’s it was noted that the burning oil from sperm whales glowed brightly and clearly and did not have a disagreeable odor like the oil from right whales did (Bonner, 1989). The sperm whale was the main whale being sought for its oil when the petroleum industry opened in 1859. The whale fishery, however, was in a declining state and had been so a decade or more before Drake struck petroleum in his drilled well and before general refining of crude oil commenced in Oil Creek Valley and elsewhere.
One would think that there would have been a great competitive clash between whale oil and kerosene from coal (coal oil) and petroleum in the opening years of the 1860’s. However, these illuminants did not earnestly join in battle for the U.S. market at that time because the Civil War, beginning in April, 1861, brought the New England whaling fleet to a virtual halt. A large number of the whaling ships were captured and sunk by the Confederacy. This hazard made an expedition perilous before the whaling waters were even reached. Nevertheless, the reversal was weathered and sperm whale oil production carried on with its normally expected highs and lows.
Kerosene from petroleum steadily replaced sperm oil as an affordable illuminant in North America and found a great demand in Europe and elsewhere on the globe. Gas manufactured from bituminous coal, water gas and gas made from petroleum distillate came on the scene for illumination and other uses in about that order. Manufactured gas lit cities and factories as well as homes.
The next illuminant was natural gas piped to cities and homes from the gas fields. Its use began in 1872 in Titusville, Pennsylvania, via a five mile pipeline from the Newton gas well to the town. Titusville was then an oil capital.
Following the sequence of illuminating, natural gas for lighting was eclipsed by electricity.
Through all this, whale fisheries continued to hunt the sperm whales, and a great number of uses for the oil and the other whale products continued to develop. However, refined products from petroleum began to replace some of these other products as well and even whale ambergris, the valuable base for perfumes, was finally replaced by synthetics.
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Image source: https://nantucketbookfestival.org/news/a-chat-with-nat-philbrick-whales-and-tales-of-nantucket-1
Zelidar 